Part-per Trillion [ppt] to Part-per Quadrillion [ppq] Converter

Definition: Part-per trillion (ppt) is a unit used to express extremely low concentrations, representing one part of a substance per trillion parts of the mixture. It is often used in environmental science, toxicology, and chemistry to quantify trace amounts of pollutants or contaminants.

History/origin: The concept of 'parts per' notation originated from the need to express very small concentrations or proportions. 'Part per trillion' is a logical extension of 'parts per million' (ppm) and 'parts per billion' (ppb), becoming relevant with advancements in analytical techniques that allowed for the detection of increasingly smaller quantities.

Current use: PPT is commonly used to measure trace contaminants in water, air, and soil. It is also used in pharmaceutical analysis to quantify impurities, and in forensic science to detect trace amounts of substances in samples. Regulatory agencies often use ppt to set permissible levels for pollutants.

Definition: Part-per quadrillion (ppq) is a unit used to express extremely minute concentrations, representing one part of a substance per quadrillion parts of the mixture. It is used in highly specialized scientific fields where extremely low concentrations are of interest.

History/origin: The use of 'part per quadrillion' arises from the need to quantify concentrations that are far below those measurable in 'parts per trillion'. Its development is linked to advancements in analytical chemistry and other scientific disciplines allowing for the detection of extremely small quantities of a substance.

Current use: PPQ is used in specialized fields like astrophysics to describe concentrations of elements in stellar atmospheres, and in advanced materials science. The unit is rarely used in common applications due to the extremely low concentrations it represents.